In this post I will provide further evidence that the Quran isn’t a monotheistic text which promotes unitarianism. Rather, it is a garbled-up mess of incoherent polytheistic babble which Muhammad tried passing off as actual monotheism.
It is not without reason that Muhammad was called an “ear,”
And among them are men who hurt the Prophet (Muhammad) and say: “He is (lending his) ear (to every news).” Say: “He listens to what is best for you; he believes in Allah; has faith in the believers; and is a mercy to those of you who believe.” But those who hurt Allah’s Messenger (Muhammad) will have a painful torment. S. 9:61 Hilali-Khan
Referring to the fact of his repeating the fairy tales, legends and superstitious beliefs circulating among the pagans, Jews and Christians, which he then claimed were revelations that his deity sent down to him from above the seven heavens:
Those who disbelieve say: “This (the Qur’an) is nothing but a lie that he (Muhammad) has invented, and others have helped him at it, so that they have produced an unjust wrong (thing) and a lie.” And they say: “Tales of the ancients, which he has written down, and they are dictated to him morning and afternoon.” Say: “It (this Qur’an) has been sent down by Him (Allah) (the Real Lord of the heavens and earth) Who knows the secret of the heavens and the earth. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” S. 25:4-6 Hilali-Khan
Here I am going to show how the formula that begins every surah or chapter of the Quran with the exception of surah al-Tauba (chapter 9), namely Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim (“in the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful”), is itself a vestige of paganism carried over into Islam.
ALLAH
In the following articles and rebuttals,
THE RELIGION OF ISLAM: THE REEMERGENCE OF BAAL WORSHIP
I provided evidence showing that among the pagans in Arabia Allah was the name given to their chief god Hubal, who was also the moon god. I further documented that Hubal was a Moabite idol imported to Mecca, thereby confirming Hubal’s identity as none other than the false god Baal. I inferred from this evidence that it is quite possible that the name Hubal is a contraction of hu bal, meaning “he is Baal.” Or it could be an Arabic corruption of the Hebrew words ha baal (“the Baal”). Either scenario leaves Muslims with the Allah of the Meccan pagans being none other than Baal whom Muhammad then tried to pass off as the one true God of Abraham.
AR-RAHMAN
What may surprise the readers is that the Islamic tradition attests that the pagans objected to Muhammad’s calling the deity ar-Rahman since they had never heard of this name before. The Muslim sources claim that the pagans actually took ar-Rahman to be another god altogether, and some even accused Muhammad of actually worshiping two gods! The disbelievers also didn’t have a clue as to who ar-Rahim was!
Moreover, there were other pagans that associated ar-Rahman with another false prophet named Musaylimah.
This is why the Muslim expositors stated that the following ayat were “sent down”,
That is how We have sent you to a people before whom many a people have come and gone, so that you may announce to them whatever We have revealed to you. But they do not believe in Ar-Rahman. Tell them: “He is my Lord. There is no other god but He. In Him have I placed my trust, and to Him is my reversion.” S. 13:30 (Ahmed Ali https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/13/st5.htm)
Say, `Call upon ALLAH or call upon Al-Rahman, by whichever name you call on HIM, HIS are the most beautiful names.’ And utter not thy Prayer aloud, nor utter it too low, but seek a way between. S. 17:110 Sher Ali
But when the unbelievers see you they make fun of you (and say): “Is this the one who mentions your gods (deridingly)?” Yet in Ar-Rahman they disbelieve… Say: “Who guards you from Ar-Rahman by night and by day?” Yet from a mention of their Lord they turn away. S. 21:36, 42 (Ahmed Ali https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/21/st5.htm)
Who created the heavens and the earth and whatever is in between those two in six aeons, then He set (Himself) over the Throne. Ar-Rahman: then ask about Him one who knows. And when it is said to them: “Prostrate to Ar-Rahman.” They said: “And what (do you mean by) Ar-Rahman? Shall we submit to that which you command us?” And this increased them in aversion. S. 25:59-60 (Dr. Kamal Omar https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/25/st48.htm)
To specifically address the concerns of the idolaters that Muhammad was introducing different and foreign deities alongside Allah:
And whenever the disbelievers see you they only take you in derision that is as one to be derided saying ‘Is this the one who mentions your gods?’ that is the one who derides them? And yet when it comes to the mention of the Compassionate One to them they hum repeated for emphasis are disbelieving of it saying ‘We do not know of any such individual’. (Tafsir al-Jalalayn, Q. 21:36 https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=21&tAyahNo=36&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
Then Allah rebukes the idolators who prostrate to idols and rivals instead of Allah…
<And when it is said to them: “Prostrate yourselves to Ar-Rahman!” They say: “And what is Ar-Rahman?”>
meaning: we do not know Ar-Rahman. They did not like to call Allah by His name Ar-Rahman (the Most Gracious), as they objected on the day of (the treaty of) Hudaybiyyah, when the Prophet told the scribe…
((Write: “In the name of Allah, Ar-Rahman (the Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (the Most Merciful).”))
They said, “We do not know Ar-Rahman or Ar-Rahim. Write what you use to write: ‘Bismika Allahumma (in your name, O Allah).’” So Allah revealed the words…
<Say: “Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman, by whatever name you invoke Him (it is the same), for to Him belong the Best Names”> (17:110).
meaning, he is Allah and He is the Most Gracious. And in this Ayah, Allah said …
<And when it is said to them: “Prostrate yourselves to Ar-Rahman!” They say: “And what is the Ar-Rahman?”>
meaning: we do not know or approve of this Name. (Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged): Surat An-Nur to Surat Al-Ahzab, Verse 50, Q. 25:59-60, abridged by a group of scholars under the supervision of Shaykh Safiur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri [Darussalam Publishers & Distributors, Riyadh, Houston, New York, London, Lahore; First Edition: August 2000], Volume 7, p. 192 https://www.alim.org/quran/tafsir/ibn-kathir/surah/25/55; bold emphasis mine)
And this is what Ibn Kathir wrote in respect to the treaty of Hudaybiyyah:
<Write: In the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim.> Suhayl bin `Amr said, ‘As for Ar-Rahman, by Allah, I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IT MEANS. So write: By Your Name, O Allah, as you used to write previously.’ The Muslims said, ‘By Allah, we will not write except: By the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim.’ The Prophet said, <Write: “In Your Name O Allah.”’ (Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged): Surat Al-Jathiyah to the end of Surat Al-Munafiqun), Q. 48:25 [First edition, September, 2000], Volume 9, p. 163 https://www.alim.org/quran/tafsir/ibn-kathir/surah/48/25; bold and capital emphasis mine)
And here are the commentators admitting that certain pagans thought that ar-Rahman was another false prophet named Musaylimah the ruler of Yemen:
(Thus We send thee (O Muhammad) unto a nation, before whom other nations have passed away, that thou mayst recite unto them that which We have inspired in you) that with which We sent Gabriel to you, i.e. the Qur’an (while they are disbelievers in the Beneficent) they say: we do not know the Beneficent, except Musaylimah, the liar. (Say) the Beneficent: (He is my Lord; there is no God save Him. In Him do I put my trust) I trust in and rely on Him (and unto Him is my recourse) to Him is the return in the Hereafter. (Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs, Q. 13:30 https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=13&tAyahNo=30&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
(And when those who disbelieve) Abu Jahl and his host (behold thee) O Muhammad, (they but choose thee) O Muhammad (out for mockery) in what they say to you, ((saying)) to one another: (Is this he who maketh mention of) is this he who ridicules (your gods? And they would deny all mention of the Beneficent) they deny the Beneficent, saying: we do not know anyone by the name of the Beneficent (al-Rahman) except Musaylimah, the liar. (Ibid., Q. 21:36 https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=21&tAyahNo=36&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
(And when it is said unto them) to the people of Mecca: (Adore the Beneficent) submit to the Beneficent through the profession of Allah’s divine Oneness! (they say: And what is the Beneficent) we do not know anyone with this name except Musaylimah the liar? (Are we to adore whatever thou (Muhammad) biddest us) a manifest lie? (And it) i.e. the mention of the Beneficent; and it is said: the mention of the Qur’an; and it is said the call of the Prophet (increaseth aversion in them) from faith. (Ibid., Q. 25:60; bold emphasis mine)
(… while they are disbelievers in the Beneficent…) [13:30]. The commentators of the Qur’an said: “This verse was revealed at the treaty of Hudaybiyyah when they were about to write the document of the treaty. The Messenger of Allah said to ‘Ali: ‘Write in the Name of Allah, the Beneficent (al-Rahman), the Merciful’. Sahl ibn ‘Amr and the idolaters said: ‘We do not know anyone by the name of the beneficent (al-Rahman) except the ruler of al-Yamamah’, meaning Musaylimah the liar, ‘rather, write: in Your Name, O Allah!’ This is how the people of the pre-Islamic period used to write. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed about them this verse”. Said ibn ‘Abbas, according to the report of al-Dahhak: “This was revealed about the unbelievers of Quraysh when the Prophet said to them (… Adore the Beneficent! They say; And what is the Beneficent? Are we to adore whatever thou (Muhammad) biddest us?) [25:60], and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. He said (Say) to them, the Beneficent Whom you deny (He is my Lord; there is no god save Him…)”. (‘Alī ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=13&tAyahNo=30&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
Finally, note the following citations which highlight the pagans’ accusation that Muhammad was actually praying to two separate gods:
Allah says…
<Say> O Muhammad, to these idolators who deny that Allah possesses the attribute of mercy and refuse to call Him Ar-Rahman…
<Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (the Most Gracious), by whatever name you invoke Him (it is the same), for to Him belong the Best Names.>
meaning, there is no difference between calling on Him as Allah or calling on Him as Ar-Rahman, because He has the Most Beautiful Names…
Makhul reported that one of the idolators heard the Prophet saying when he was prostrating: “O Most Gracious, O Most Merciful.” The idolator said, he claims to pray to One, BUT HE IS PRAYING TO TWO! Then Allah revealed this Ayah. This was also narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas, and by Ibn Jarir. (Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged): Surat Al-Isra’, verse 39 To the end of Surat Al-Mu’minun, Q. 17:110 [First edition, July 2000], Volume 6, pp. 104-105 https://www.alim.org/quran/tafsir/ibn-kathir/surah/17/110; bold and capital emphasis mine)
The Prophet would often say ‘O God O Compassionate One’. So they said ‘He Muhammad forbids us to worship more than one god and yet he calls upon another god together with Him God’. The following was then revealed Say to them ‘Invoke God or invoke the Compassionate One that is to say invoke Him by either of these Names or call upon Him by saying ‘O God! O Compassionate One!’ whichever ayyan is conditional; mā is extra in other words whichever of these two Names you invoke is beautiful — this predicate ‘beautiful’ is indicated by the following statement to Him to the One called by these two Names belong the Most Beautiful Names’ these two Names being from among them; and they the other Names are the following as mentioned in hadīth God there is no god except Him the Compassionate the Merciful the King the Holy the Peace the Securer the Controller the Mighty the Compeller the Sublime the Creator the Maker out of nothing the Fashioner the ever Forgiving the Almighty the Bestower the Provider the Deliverer the Knower the Seizer the Extender the Lowerer the Raiser the Glorifier the Abaser the Hearer the Seer the Arbiter the Just the Subtle the Aware the Forbearing the Tremendous the Forgiver the Thankful the High the Great the Preserver the Conserver the Reckoner the Majestic the Generous the Watcher the Responsive the Embracing the Wise the Loving the Glorious the Resurrector the Witnessing the Truth the Guardian the Strong the Firm the Patron the Praiseworthy the Numberer the Initiator the Restorer the Life-giver the Death-maker the Living the Eternal Sustainer the Originator the Magnificent the One the Single the Everlasting Refuge the Powerful the Omnipotent the Advancer the Deferrer the First the Last the Outward the Inward the Ruler Exalted the Benign the Relenting the Avenger the Pardoning the Gentle Master of the Kingdom One of Majesty and Munificence the Equitable the Gatherer the Independent the Availing the Restrainer the Harming the Benefactor the Light the Guiding the Innovator the Enduring the Inheritor the Reasonable the Patient as reported by al-Tirmidhī. God exalted be He says And do not be loud in your prayer when you recite the Qur’ān therein lest the idolaters hear you and curse you as well as the Qur’ān and the One Who has revealed it; nor be silent do not murmur therein so that your companions might be able to hear it and benefit therefrom; but seek between that loudness and silence a middle way. (Tafsir al-Jalalayn https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=17&tAyahNo=110&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
(Say (unto mankind): Cry unto Allah, or cry unto the Beneficent…) [17:110]. Said Ibn ‘Abbas: “One night in Mecca, The Messenger of Allah stood up for the night vigil prayer. He kept saying in his prostration: ‘O Beneficent, O Merciful!’ And so the idolaters said: ‘Muhammad used to call unto one Allah; now he is calling unto two gods: Allah and the Beneficent. We do not know of anyone by the name of the Beneficent except the beneficent of al-Yamamah (meaning Musaylimah the liar)’, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Said Maymun ibn Mihran: “At the beginning of revelation, the Messenger of Allah used to write ‘In Thy name, O Allah’ until this verse was revealed (Lo! It is from Solomon, and lo, it is: In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful) [27:30], after which he always wrote ‘In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful’. The Arab idolaters then commented: ‘We know this Merciful but who is the Beneficent?’ As a response, Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Said al-Dahhak: “The people of the Book said to the Messenger of Allah: ‘You mention very little the Beneficent and yet Allah mentions this name in the Torah in abundance’. Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse as a response to them”. (And thou (Muhammad), be not loud-voiced in thy worship nor yet silent therein, but follow a way between) [17:110]. Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muti‘ and Ahmad ibn Mani‘> Hushaym> Abu Bishr> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said regarding the words of Allah, exalted is He (And thou (Muhammad), be not loud-voiced in thy worship nor yet silent therein…): “This verse was revealed while the Messenger of Allah was in hiding in Mecca. Whenever the unbelievers heard the Qur’an being recited, they reviled it and reviled the person who had brought it. Hence, Allah, glorious and majestic is He, said to His Prophet (And thou (Muhammad), be not loud-voiced in thy worship) i.e. upon reciting the Qur’an in prayer, lest the idolaters hear it and revile the Qur’an, (nor yet silent therein) such that your Companions do not hear you, (but follow a way between)”. (‘Alī ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=17&tAyahNo=110&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
It is clear that the Arabs who knew their religion and were masters of the language did not take Muhammad’s formulaic invocation as a monotheistic prayer directed to a single deity. Rather, the pagans whose mother tongue was Arabic could tell from these words that Muhammad was clearly invoking three separate gods, two of which were unknown to them. And the evidence shows they were absolutely correct.
It’s about to get far worse.
AR-RAHIM
The Muslim scripture identifies who this other god named ar-Rahim happens to be.
None other than Muhammad himself!
Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He (Muhammad) is anxious over you (to be rightly guided, to repent to Allah, and beg Him to pardon and forgive your sins, in order that you may enter Paradise and be saved from the punishment of the Hell-fire), for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful (rahim). S. 9:128 Hilali-Khan
Muslim authorities candidly and unashamedly concede that Q. 9:128 affirms that Allah personally granted Muhammad some of his very own divine characteristics:
“… the objectification of Muhammad reaches its peak in Surah 9, which is indubitably one of the latest Madinan surahs. It repeatedly refers to ‘Allah and His Messenger’ (9.1, 3, 7, 16, 24, 29 etc.) and the penultimate ayah (9.128) describes the Messenger as ‘all-pitying all-merciful’, qualities which are elsewhere ascribed to Allah.” (Neal Robinson, Discovering the Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd edition, [Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. 2003], p. 244; bold emphasis mine)
And:
One of the men of knowledge, Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl, said, “He honored him with two of His own names: the compassionate and the merciful (rauf, rahim).” The same point is made in another ayat: “Allah was kind to the believers when He sent among them a Messenger from among themselves.” (3:164)…
Jafar ibn Muhammad [as-Sadiq] said, “Allah knew that His creatures would not be capable of pure obedience to Him, so He told them this in order that they would realize that they would never be able to achieve absolute purity in serving Him. Between Himself and them He placed one of their own species, CLOTHING HIM IN HIS OWN ATTRIBUTES OF COMPASSION AND MERCY. He brought him out as a truthful ambassador to creation and made it such that when someone obeys him, they are obeying Allah, and when someone agrees with him, they are agreeing with Allah.” Allah says: “Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah.” (4:80)
As-Samarqandi explains that the words a mercy to all the worlds mean for both the jinn and mankind. It is also said that it means for all creation. He is a mercy to the believers by guiding them, a mercy to the hypocrites by granting them security from being killed, and a mercy to the unbelievers by deferring their punishment. Ibn Abbas said, “He is a mercy to the believers and also to the unbelievers since they are safe from what befell the other communities who cried lies.” It is related that the Prophet said to Jibril, “Has any of this mercy touched you?” He replied, “Yes, I used to have fear about what would happen to me, but now I feel safe because of the way Allah praised me when He said, ‘Possessing power, secure with the Lord of the Throne, obeyed, then trusty.’” (81:21) (Qadi Iyad Ibn Musa al-Yahsubi, Kitab Ash-shifa bi ta’rif huquq al-Mustafa (Healing by the recognition of the Rights of the Chosen One), translated by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley [Madinah Press, Inverness, Scotland, U.K., third reprint 1991, paperback], Part One. Allah’s great estimation of the worth of his Prophet expressed in both word and action, Chapter One. Allah’s praise of him and his great esteem for him, Section 1. Concerning praise of him and his numerous excellent qualities, pp. 4-6; capital and bold emphasis mine)
Again:
Section 14. On Allah honouring the Prophet WITH SOME OF HIS OWN BEAUTIFUL NAMES and describing him with some of His own Sublime Qualities
… He has preferred our Prophet Muhammad since He has adorned him with a wealth of His names in His Mighty Book and on the tongues of His Prophets…
One of His names is the Praiseworthy (al-Hamid). This means the One who is praised because He praises Himself and His slaves praise him. It also means the One who praises Himself and praises acts of obedience. The Prophet is called Muhammad and Ahmad. Muhammad means praised, and that is how his name occurs in the Zabur of David. Ahmad means the greatest of those who give praise and the most sublime of those who are praised. Hassan ibn Thabit indicated this when he said:
It is taken for him from His own name in order to exalt him.
The One with the Throne is praised (Mahmud) and he is Muhammad.
Two of Allah’s names are the Compassionate, the Merciful (ar-Ra’uf, ar-Rahim). They are similar in meaning. He calls him by them in His Book when He says, “Compassionate, merciful to the believers.” (9.128) (Ibid., Chapter Three. On The Sound And Well-Known Traditions Related About The Immense Value Placed On Him By His Lord, His Exalted Position And His Nobility In This World And The Next, pp. 126-127; capital emphasis mine)
What the foregoing shows is that the oft-repeated Islamic invocation, which marks off every Quranic surah except one, is actually a polytheistic prayer acknowledging the existence of three separate and false gods:
ALLAH: Hubal the moon god whom the Meccan Arabs worshiped as their chief deity and as the lord of their pagan shrine the kabah.
AR-RAHMAN: Another pagan deity and/or the name of a false prophet.
AR-RAHIM: Muhammad, who was granted some of the names and attributes of his deity, for the express purpose of making him a partner in Allah’s unique divine characteristics and functions.
Hence, far from Islam promoting pure monotheism it actually encourages the worship of false gods while also venerating a false prophet and antichrist to godlike status.
Therefore, the only sensible thing Muslims can do is to completely abandon this vile, immoral, idolatrous religion and turn to the only path that can bring them everlasting peace and salvation:
“There is a way that seems right to a man, But its end is the way of death.” Proverbs 16:25 New King James Version (NKJV)
“Your ears shall hear a word behind you, saying, ‘This is the way, walk in it,’ Whenever you turn to the right hand Or whenever you turn to the left.” Isaiah 30:21 NKJV
“All things have been delivered to Me by My Father, and no one knows the Son except the Father. Nor does anyone know the Father except the Son, and the one to whom the Son wills to reveal Him. Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.” Matthew 11:27-30 NKJV
“Then Jesus said to them again, ‘Most assuredly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep. All who ever came before Me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not hear them. I am the door. If anyone enters by Me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture. The thief does not come except to steal, and to kill, and to destroy. I have come that they may have life, and that they may have it more abundantly.’” John 10:7-10 NKJV
“‘Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in Me. In My Father’s house are many mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also. And where I go you know, and the way you know.’ Thomas said to Him, ‘Lord, we do not know where You are going, and how can we know the way?’ Jesus said to him, ‘I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.’” John 14:1-6 NKJV
“Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, ‘Rulers of the people and elders of Israel: If we this day are judged for a good deed done to a helpless man, by what means he has been made well, let it be known to you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, by Him this man stands here before you whole. This is the “stone which was rejected by you builders, which has become the chief cornerstone.” Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.’ Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were uneducated and untrained men, they marveled. And they realized that they had been with Jesus. 14 And seeing the man who had been healed standing with them, they could say nothing against it.” Acts 4:8-14 NKJV
FURTHER READING
The Islamic Gods Unveiled Pt. 1
How Many Gods Are There in the Quran?
ALLAH EXTENDS A HAND: ISLAM’S BLACK STONE IDOL
Unveiling the Inanimate Gods of Islam
Quran’s Multiple Creators: More Proof of Islam’s Triadic Deity
WHAT ABOUT JESUS? UNVEILING ISLAM’S OTHER ILAH BESIDES ALLAH
Answering Islam Blog 