Tag: jesus

LUTHER ON MARY’S SINLESSNESS

The following citation is from Luther’s On the Conception of the Mother of God, AD 1527:

“The conception, namely the infusion of the soul, is believed to have taken place gently and blessedly, without original sin coming upon her; so that in the infusion of the soul she was also at the same time purified from original sin, adorned with God’s gifts, and received a holy soul poured into her by God, and thus from the first moment she began to live, SHE WAS FREE FROM ALL SIN. For before she lived, one might well say that she was neither in sin nor outside of sin, which applies only to souls and living humans.”  – (Emphasis mine)

This next quote is excerpted from this post: Luther on Luke 2 – Saint John’s Lutheran Church.

Then there are some who express opinions concerning how this birth took place, claiming Mary was delivered of her child while she was praying, in great joy, before she became aware of it, without any pains. I do not condemn these devotional considerations—perhaps they were devised for the benefit of simple-minded folk—but we must stay with the Gospel text which says she gave birth to him, and with the article of the creed which says “born of the Virgin Mary.” There is no deception here, but, as the words indicate, it was a real birth. Now we know, do we not, what the meaning of “to bear” is and how it happens. The birth happened to her exactly as to other women, consciously with her mind functioning normally and with the parts of her body helping along, as is proper at the time of birth, in order that she should be his normal natural mother and he her natural normal son. For this reason her body did not abandon its natural functions which belong to childbirth, except that she gave birth without sin, without shame, without pain, and without injury, just as she had conceived without sin. The curse of Eve, which reads: “In pain you shall bear your children” [Genesis 3:16], did not apply to her. In other respects things happened to her exactly as they happen to any woman giving birth …

I am talking about this so that we may have a foundation for our faith and that we let Christ be a natural human being, in every respect exactly as we are. Nor must we put him in a separate category as far as nature is concerned except where sin and grace are involved. In him and his mother nature was pure in all members and in all the functions of the members. No female body or one of its organs ever attained its natural function without sin, EXCEPT THIS VIRGIN. Here, for one time, God honored nature and its function. The more we draw Christ down into nature and into the flesh, the more consolation accrues for us. Therefore whatever is not contrary to grace should in no way be subtracted from his and his mother’s nature. The text clearly states and declares that she bore him, and that “he is born” is also proclaimed by the angels.

How could God have demonstrated his goodness more powerfully than by stepping down so deep into flesh and blood, that he does not despise that which is kept secret by nature, but honors nature to the highest degree exactly where it was brought into shame to the highest degree in Adam and Eve? … (Martin Luther, “The Gospel for Christmas Eve, Luke 2” in Luther’s Works (Fortress Press, 1974), LII, 7–31; emphasis mine)

Here’s another version taken from: Luther on the Virgin Birth of Christ.

Some argue as to how this birth took place, as if Jesus was born while Mary was praying and rejoicing, without any pain, and before she was conscious of it.  While I do not altogether discard that pious supposition, it was evidently invented for the sake of simple minded people.  But we must abide by the Gospel, that He was born of the virgin Mary.  There is no deception here, for the Word clearly states that it was an actual birth.

“It is well known what is meant by giving birth.  Mary’s experience was not different from that of other women, so that the birth of Christ was a real natural birth.  Mary being His natural mother and He being her natural Son. Therefore her body performed its functions of giving birth, which naturally belonged to it, except that she brought forth without sin, without shame, without pain and without injury, just as she had conceived without sin. The curse of Eve did not come on her, where God said: ‘In pain thou shalt bring forth children,’ Gen. 3:16; otherwise it was with her in every particular as with every woman who gives birth to a child. Grace does not interfere with nature and her work, but rather improves and promotes it”. (Christmas Day sermon, The Complete Sermons of Martin Luther, vol. 1.1-2, edited by John Nicholas Lenker, translated by John Nicholas Lenker and others [Baker Books, Grand Rapids, MI 2000] p. 140; emphasis mine)

FURTHER READING

LUTHER & MARY’S VIRGINITY REVISITED

LUTHER’S PRAISE OF MARY

LUTHER ON THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

MARTIN LUTHER, JAMES & NT CANON

AUGUSTINE ON THE CHURCH’S AUTHORITY

In the following extract Augustine shows how the Gospels’ reliability rests on the authority of the Catholic Church and to, therefore, attack the Church is to undermine the veracity of the Gospels themselves.

Here is what he wrote in refuting of the claims of Manichaeus, the founder of Manicheism. All emphasis is mine.

Chapter 5.— Against the Title of the Epistle of Manichæus

6. Let us see then what Manichæus teaches me; and particularly let us examine that treatise which he calls the Fundamental Epistle, in which almost all that you believe is contained. For in that unhappy time when we read it we were in your opinion enlightened. The epistle begins thus:— “Manichæus, an apostle of Jesus Christ, by the providence of God the Father. These are wholesome words from the perennial and living fountain.” Now, if you please, patiently give heed to my inquiry. I do not believe Manichæus to be an apostle of Christ. Do not, I beg of you, be enraged and begin to curse. For you know that it is my rule to believe none of your statements without consideration. Therefore I ask, who is this Manichæus? You will reply, An apostle of Christ. I do not believe it. Now you are at a loss what to say or do; for you promised to give knowledge of the truth, and here you are forcing me to believe what I have no knowledge of. Perhaps you will read the gospel to me, and will attempt to find there a testimony to Manichæus. But should you meet with a person not yet believing the gospel, how would you reply to him were he to say, I do not believe? For my part, I should not believe the gospel except as moved BY AUTHORITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. So when those on whose authority I have consented to believe in the gospel tell me not to believe in Manichæus, how can I but consent? Take your choice. If you say, Believe the Catholics: their advice to me is to put no faith in you; so that, believing them, I am precluded from believing you — If you say, Do not believe the Catholics: you cannot fairly use the gospel in bringing me to faith in Manichæus; for it was at the command of the Catholics that I believed the gospel;— Again, if you say, You were right in believing the Catholics when they praised the gospel, but wrong in believing their vituperation of Manichæus: do you think me such a fool as to believe or not to believe as you like or dislike, without any reason? It is therefore fairer and safer by far for me, having in one instance put faith in the Catholics, not to go over to you, till, instead of bidding me believe, you make me understand something in the clearest and most open manner. To convince me, then, you must put aside the gospel. If you keep to the gospel, I will keep to those WHO COMMANDED ME TO BELIEVE THE GOSPEL; and, in obedience to them, I will not believe you at all. But if haply you should succeed in finding in the gospel an incontrovertible testimony to the apostleship of Manichæus, you will weaken my regard for the authority of the Catholics who bid me not to believe you; and the effect of that will be, that I shall no longer be able to believe the gospel either, FOR IT WAS THROUGH THE CATHOLICS THAT I GOT MY FAITH IN IT; and so, whatever you bring from the gospel will no longer have any weight with me. Wherefore, if no clear proof of the apostleship of Manichæus is found in the gospel, I will believe the Catholics rather than you. But if you read thence some passage clearly in favor of Manichæus, I will believe neither them nor you: not them, for they lied to me about you; nor you, for you quote to me that Scripture which I had believed on the authority of those liars. But far be it that I should not believe the gospel; for believing it, I find no way of believing you too. For the names of the apostles, as there recorded, do not include the name of Manichæus. And who the successor of Christ’s betrayer was we read in the Acts of the Apostles; Acts 1:26 which book I must needs believe if I believe the gospel, since both writings alike Catholic authority commends to me. The same book contains the well-known narrative of the calling and apostleship of PaulActs ix Read me now, if you can, in the gospel where Manichæus is called an apostle, or in any other book in which I have professed to believe. Will you read the passage where the Lord promised the Holy Spirit as a Paraclete, to the apostles? Concerning which passage, behold how many and how great are the things that restrain and deter me from believing in Manichæus. (Against the Epistle of Manichaeus Called Fundamental)

FURTHER READING

AUGUSTINE & JOHN DAMASCENE VS. CALVINISTS PT. 1

AUGUSTINE ON JESUS BEING THE ANGEL OF YHVH

AUGUSTINE ON CHRIST’S ETERNAL GENERATION

LUTHER ON THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

It may surprise Christians to discover that Martin Luther candidly admitted that the Catholic Church traces itself back to the Apostles, that it genuinely has Apostolic Succession, despite having (in Luther’s erroneous view) corrupted itself throughout time.

Here is Luther in his own words. All emphasis is mine:  

Today the pope and his crowd cry out against us that they are the church, since they have received Baptism, the Sacrament, and Holy Writ from the apostles and are their successors. They say: “Where else should God’s people be than where His name is praised, and where the successors and heirs of His apostles are to be found? Surely the Turks, the Tartars, and the heathen cannot be His people. Therefore we must be His people; otherwise it will be altogether impossible to find a people of God on earth. Consequently, he who rebels against us resists the Christian Church and Christ Himself.” This will surely offend and repel anyone who is not armed with different weapons and different strength, who listens only to such opinions of the most eminent and influential people on earth. “You are a heretic and an apostle of the devil,” “You are preaching against God’s people and the church, yes, against God Himself.” For it is exceedingly difficult to deprive them of this argument and to talk them out of it.

Yes, we ourselves FIND IT DIFFICULT TO REFUTE IT, especially since WE CONCEDE—AS WE MUST—that so much of what they say IS TRUE: that the papacy has God’s Word and the office of the apostles, and that we have received Holy Scripture, Baptism, the Sacrament, and the pulpit FROM THEMWhat would we know of these if it were not for them? Therefore faith, the Christian Church, Christ, and the Holy Spirit must also be found AMONG THEM. What business have I, then, to preach against them as a pupil preaching against his teachers? Then there come rushing into my heart thoughts like these: “Now I see that I am in error. Oh, if only I had never started this and had never preached a word! For who dares oppose the church, of which we confess in the Creed: I believe in a holy Christian Church, etc.? Now I find this church in the papacy too. It follows, therefore, that if I condemn this church, I am excommunicated, rejected, and damned by God and all the saints.”

For the name “church” includes many scoundrels and rascals who refused to obey God’s Word and acted contrary to it. Yet they were called heirs and successors of the holy patriarchs, priests, and prophets. To be sure, they had God’s Law and promise, the temple, and the priesthood. In fact, they should have been God’s people; but they practiced idolatry so freely under the cloak of the name “church” that God was forced to say: “This shall no longer be My temple and priesthood. My people shall no longer be My people. But to those who are not My people it shall be said: ‘You are sons of the living God’.” Luther’s Sermons on John 16 [LW 24:303-304]

FURTHER READING

MARTIN LUTHER, JAMES & NT CANON

LUTHER & MARY’S VIRGINITY REVISITED

LUTHER’S PRAISE OF MARY

CHRIST: THE GOD OF THE SEAS & WINDS

The Synoptic Gospels ascribe to Jesus some of the unique functions and characteristics, which the Hebrew Bible attributes to YHWH alone.

For instance, the Synoptics describe Christ as subduing/trampling on the winds and seas in language that is reminiscent of the way the Greek version of the OT writings (commonly referred to as LXX) has YHWH doing so.

Here are two examples taken from both Matthew and Mark:  

“Then He directed the disciples to get into the boat and go before Him to the other side, while He sent away the crowds. And after He had dismissed the multitudes, He went up into the hills by Himself to pray. When it was evening, He was still there alone. But the boat was by this time out on the sea, many furlongs [a furlong is one-eighth of a mile] distant from the land, beaten and tossed by the waves, for the wind was against them. And in the fourth watch [between 3:00—6:00 a.m.] of the night, Jesus came to them, walking on the sea (peripatounta epi ten thalassan). And when the disciples saw Him walking on the sea, they were terrified and said, It is a ghost! And they screamed out with fright. But instantly He spoke to them, saying, Take courageI Am (ego eimi)! Stop being afraid! And Peter answered Him, Lord, if it is You, command me to come to You on the water (ta hydata). He said, Come! So Peter got out of the boat and walked on the water (ta hydata), and he came toward Jesus. But when he perceived and felt the strong wind, he was frightened, and as he began to sink (katapontizesthai), he cried out (ekraxen), Lord, save me (Kyrie soson me) [from death]! Instantly Jesus reached out His hand and caught and held him, saying to him, O you of little faith, why did you doubt? And when they got into the boat, the wind ceased. And those in the boat knelt and worshiped Him, saying, Truly You are the Son of God!” Matthew 14:22-33 Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC)

“And on that day, when evening came, He said to them, ‘Let us go over to the other side.’ And leaving the crowd, they took Him along with them in the boat, just as He was; and other boats were with Him. And a great windstorm arose, and the waves were breaking into the boat so that the boat was already filling up. And Jesus Himself was in the stern, sleeping on the cushion; and they got Him up and said to Him, ‘Teacher, do You not care that we are perishing?’ And He woke up and rebuked the wind and said to the sea, ‘Silence! Be still.’ And the wind died down and it became perfectly calm. And He said to them, ‘Why are you so cowardly? Do you still have no faith?’ And they became very afraid and were saying to one another, ‘Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey Him?’” Mark 4:35-41 Legacy Standard Bible (LSB)

Now compare the Greek phraseology with the following OT texts:

“Who alone has stretched out the heavens, and walks on the sea (peripaton… epi thalasses) as on firm ground.” Job 9:8 LXX

“O Lord God of hosts, who is like to thee? thou art mighty, O Lord, and thy truth is round about thee. Thou rulest the power of the sea; and thou calmest the tumult of its waves.” Psalm 88:9-10 LXX

“And let them offer to him the sacrifice of praise, and proclaim his works with exultation. They that go down to the sea in ships, doing business in many waters; these [men] have seen the works of the Lord, and his wonders in the deep. He speaks, and the stormy wind arises, and its waves are lifted up. They go up to the heavens, and go down to the depths; their soul melts because of troubles. They are troubled, they stagger as a drunkard, and all their wisdom is swallowed up. Then they cry (ekekraxen) to the Lord in their affliction, and he brings them out of their distresses. And he commands the storm, and it is calmed into a gentle breeze, and its waves are still. And they are glad, because they are quiet; and he guides them to their desired haven. Let them acknowledge to the Lord his mercies, and his wonderful works to the children of men.” Psalm 106:22-31 LXX

“[For the end, [a Psalm] of David, for alternate [strains].] Save me (soson me), O God; for the waters (hydata) have come in to my soul. I am stuck fast in deep mire, and there is no standing: I am come in to the depths of the sea (tes thalasses), and a storm has overwhelmed (katepontise) me… Let not them that wait on thee, O Lord of hosts (Kyrie kyrie), be ashamed on my account: let not them that seek thee, be ashamed on my account, O God of Israel… But I [will cry] to thee, O Lord (Kyrie), in my prayer; O God, it is a propitious time: in the multitude of thy mercy hear me, in the truth of thy salvation. Save me (soson me) from the mire, that I stick not [in it]: let me be delivered from them that hate me, and from the deep waters.” Psalm 68:1-3, 7, 14-15 LXX

Amazingly, not only do the Synoptic Gospels portray Christ as saving and being addressed by his disciples in the same way that YHWH is petitioned and delivers, they even quote Jesus as referring to himself as the “Kyrie, kyrie,” the very phraseology which the aforementioned Psalm attributes to the one true God!

“Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord (Kyrie, kyrie),’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter. Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord (Kyrie, kyrie), in Your name did we not prophesy, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name do many miracles?’ And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness.’” Matthew 7:21-23 (LSB)

“Now why do you call Me, ‘Lord, Lord (Kyrie, kyrie),’ and do not do what I say?” Luke 6:46 (LSB)

It is, therefore, inarguable that the Synoptics have deliberately adopted the exclusive language which the OT scriptures ascribe to YHWH alone and applied it the Christ, and the reason for doing so is obvious. The Synoptic writers clearly intended to depict Jesus as the human appearance, the very incarnation of YHWH Almighty, while also personally distinguishing him from both the Father and the Holy Spirit.

FURTHER READING

The Lord Jesus – the Maker and Ruler of Creation

The Markan Jesus – The Physical Embodiment and Visible Appearance of Israel’s God

THE CHRISTIAN SHEMA

JESUS: THE ONE AND ONLY ADONAY YHWH

APOCRYPHA & CHRIST’S DEITY