In the Hebrew version of Genesis, YHWH God states that he will make a suitable helper for the male whom had just formed from the dust of the ground, and whom he animated by breathing into his nostrils the Breath of life:
“Then Yahweh God said, ‘It is not good for the man to be alone; I will make (‘e’eseh– first person singular verb) him a helper suitable for him.’” Genesis 2:18 Legacy Standard Bible (LSB)
The Greek rendering (typically known as the Septuagint [LXX]) contains an interest variant reading where, instead of YHWH speaking in the singular, “I will make,” it has him speaking in the plural instead:
Then the Lord God said, “it is not good that the man is alone; let US make (poiesomen) him a helper corresponding to him.” Genesis 2:18 (Genesis, translated by Robert J. V. Hiebert, found in A New English Translation of the Septuagint [NETS], published by Oxford University Press in 2009, including corrections and emendations made in the second printing (2009) and corrections and emendations made in June 2014, p. 7)
And the Lord God said, [It is] not good that the man should be alone, let US make for him a help suitable to him. (GENESIS, in Brenton’s LXX)
Poiesomen is the first person plural active verbal form of poieo.
This same rendering of Genesis 2:18 is found in the Deuter-canonical writing (labeled “Apocrypha” by Protestants) called Tobit:
And Tobias began to say, “Blessed are you, O God of our ancestors, and blessed be your holy and glorious name for the ages. Let the heavens and all your creatures bless you. You made Adam and gave him a helper, Heua, a support–his wife. From them the human race has come. You said, ‘It is not good for the man to be alone; let US make (poiesomen) for him a helper like himself.’” Tobit 8:5-6 Gr I
So she got up, and they began to pray and implore that safety be theirs. And he began to say, “Blessed are you, O God of our ancestors, and blessed be your name for all the ages forever. Let the heavens and all your creation bless you for all the ages. You made Adam and made him a helper, a support–his wife Heua. And from the two of them the human race has come. And you said, ‘It is not good for the man to be alone; let US make (poiesomen) for him a helper like himself.’” Gr II (Tobit, translated by Alexander A. Di Lella, in NETS, p. 469)
Then began Tobias to say, Blessed art thou, O God of our fathers, and blessed is thy holy and glorious name for ever; let the heavens bless thee, and all thy creatures. Thou madest Adam, and gavest him Eve his wife for an helper and stay: of them came mankind: thou hast said, It is not good that man should be alone; let US make unto him an aid like unto himself. (TOBIT, in Brenton’s LXX)
The variant may have been motivated by the way Genesis 1:26 describes God creating mankind, since both the Hebrew and the Greek have God speaking in the plural:
“Then God said, ‘Let US make (na’aseh) man in Our image (salmenu), according to Our likeness (demutenu), so that they will have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.’” Genesis 1:26 LSB
Then God said, let US make (poiesomen) humankind according to OUR image (eikona hemeteran) and according to likeness and let them rule the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky and the cattle and all the earth and all the creeping things that creep upon the earth.” (Hiebert, Genesis, in NETS, p. 6)
And God said, Let US make man according to our image and likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the flying creatures of heaven, and over the cattle and all the earth, and over all the reptiles that creep on the earth. (Brenton’s LXX)
THE TRIUNE CREATOR
The reason why God is described as a plural Creator and Maker is because the inspired Scriptures teach that God created all things by and through his uncreated begotten Word/Wisdom, and his Holy Spirit:
“O God of my ancestors and Lord of mercy, who have made all things by your word (ho poiesas ta panta en logo sou) and by your wisdom (te Sophia sou) have formed humankind to have dominion over the creatures you have made and rule the world in holiness and righteousness and pronounce judgment in uprightness of soul… Who has learned your counsel unless you have given wisdom and sent your holy spirit from on high?” Wisdom of Solomon 9:1-3, 17 New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition (NRSVUE)
“By the word of the Lord (to logo tou Kyriou) the heavens were established; and all the host of them by the breath (to pneumatic [Spirit]) of his [mouth].” Psalm 32[Heb. 33]:6 (Brenton’s LXX)
“Let all thy creatures serve thee, for thou didst speak, and they were made. Thou didst send forth thy Spirit, and it formed them; there is none that can resist thy voice.” Judith 16:14 Revised Standard Version (RSV)
The aforementioned texts present God as having employed his very own Word/Wisdom and Spirit to create and fashion all creation.
This accounts for God using plural verbs to describe his creating mankind, e.g., God was addressing his divine Word/Wisdom and Spirit since he personally involved and used them in the creation and fashioning of all things.
CHRIST: THE INCARNATE WORD & WISDOM PERSONIFIED
Remarkably, the inspired NT writings portray Jesus Christ as God’s very own uncreated Word who became flesh, and as the personification of that very Wisdom which God possessed from before creation.
This explains why the work of creation is ascribed to the prehuman Christ. I.e., being God’s Word/Wisdom Jesus was the Agent who brought the entire creation into being and who is personally, actively sustaining it:
“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing came into being. What has come into being in him was life, and the life was the light of all people… The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world came into being through him, yet the world did not know him… And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father’s only son, full of grace and truth.” John 1:1-4, 9-14 NRSVUE
“but we proclaim Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to gentiles, but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.”1 Corinthians 1:23-24 NRSVUE
“yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.” 1 Corinthians 8:6 NRSVUE
“for in him all things in heaven and on earth were created, things visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or powers—all things have been created through him and for him. He himself IS before all things, and IN HIM all things hold together. He is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that he might come to have first place in everything. For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, and through him God was pleased to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, by making peace through the blood of his cross.” Colossians 1:16-20 NRSVUE
“And, ‘In the beginning, Lord [the Son], you founded the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands; they will perish, but you remain; they will all wear out like clothing; like a cloak you will roll them up, and like clothing they will be changed. But you are the same, and your years will never end.’” Hebrews 1:10-12 NRSVUE
Jesus is further depicted as possessing the very qualities which the Deutero-canonical writings attribute to God’s Word/Wisdom.
For example, Wisdom/Word are said be seated alongside God on his throne from which they descend.
“give me the wisdom that sits by your throne, and do not reject me from among your children… With you is wisdom, she who knows your works and was present when you made the world; she understands what is pleasing in your sight and what is right according to your commandments. Send her forth from the holy heavens, and from the throne of your glory send her, that she may labor at my side and that I may learn what is pleasing to you. For she knows and understands all things, and she will guide me wisely in my actions and guard me with her glory. Then my works will be acceptable, and I shall judge your people justly and shall be worthy of the throne of my father.” Wisdom 9:4, 9-12 NRSVUE
God’s Almighty Word was also responsible for striking down the firstborn of the Egyptians with his sword during the Exodus:
“For though they had disbelieved everything because of their magic arts, yet when their firstborn were destroyed they acknowledged your people to be God’s child. For while gentle silence enveloped all things and night in its swift course was now half-gone, your all-powerful word leaped from heaven, from the royal throne, into the midst of the land that was doomed, a stern warrior carrying the sharp sword of your authentic command, and stood and filled all things with death and touched heaven while standing on the earth.” Wisdom 18:13-16 NRSVUE
According to the NT, Jesus is that Word who sits enthroned with his Father, who was personally present during the Exodus, and who slays God’s enemies with the sword of his mouth!
“I do not want you to be ignorant, brothers and sisters, that our ancestors were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea, and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, and all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ.” 1 Corinthians 10:1-4 NRSVUE
“To the one who conquers I will give a place with me on my throne, just as I myself conquered and sat down with my Father on his throne.” Revelation 3:21 NRSVUE
“Then I saw heaven opened, and there was a white horse! Its rider is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he judges and wages war. His eyes are like a flame of fire, and on his head are many diadems, and he has a name inscribed that no one knows but himself. He is clothed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is called The Word of God. And the armies of heaven, wearing fine linen, white and pure, were following him on white horses. From his mouth comes a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and he will rule them with a scepter of iron; he will tread the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty. On his robe and on his thigh he has a name inscribed, ‘King of kings and Lord of lords.’… Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies gathered to wage war against the rider on the horse and against his army. And the beast was captured, and with it the false prophet who had performed in its presence the signs by which he deceived those who had received the brand of the beast and those who worshiped its image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulfur. And the rest were killed by the sword of the rider on the horse, the sword that came from his mouth, and all the birds were gorged with their flesh.” Revelation 19:11-16, 19-21 NRSVUE – Cf. 1:16; 2:12, 16; 17:14
Amazingly, Divine Wisdom is depicted as possessing a host of qualities,
“I learned both what is secret and what is manifest, for wisdom, the fashioner of all things, taught me. There is in her a spirit that is intelligent, holy, unique (monogenes), manifold, subtle, agile, clear, unpolluted, distinct, invulnerable, loving the good, keen, irresistible, beneficent, humane, steadfast, sure, free from anxiety, all-powerful, overseeing all, and penetrating through all spirits that are intelligent, pure, and altogether subtle. For wisdom is more mobile than any motion; because of her pureness she pervades and penetrates all things. For she is a breath of the power of God and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty; therefore nothing defiled gains entrance into her. For she is a reflection (apaugasma) of eternal light, a spotless mirror of the working of God, and an image (eikon) of his goodness. Although she is but one, she can do all things, and while remaining in herself, she renews all things; in every generation she passes into holy souls and makes them friends of God and prophets, for God loves nothing so much as the person who lives with wisdom. She is more beautiful than the sun and excels every constellation of the stars. Compared with the light she is found to be more radiant, for it is succeeded by the night, but against wisdom evil does not prevail.” Wisdom 7:21-30 NRSUE
Many of which are the very characteristics that the NT ascribe to Christ.
For instance, Jesus is the uniquely begotten One:
“No one has ever seen God. It is the only Son (monogenes), himself God, who is close to the Father’s heart, who has made him known.” John 1:18
“For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son (ton hyion ton monogene), so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life… Those who believe in him are not condemned, but those who do not believe are condemned already because they have not believed in the name of the only Son of God (tou monogenous hyiou tou theou).” John 3:16, 18
“God’s love was revealed among us in this way: God sent his only Son (ton hyion autou ton monogene) into the world so that we might live through him.” 1 John 4:9
Jesus is the image of the invisible God:
“In their case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers, to keep them from seeing clearly the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image (eikon) of God. For we do not proclaim ourselves; we proclaim Jesus Christ as Lord and ourselves as your slaves for Jesus’s sake. For it is the God who said, ‘Light will shine out of darkness,’ who has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ.” 2 Corinthians 4:4-6 NRSVUE
“He has rescued us from the power of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of his beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins. He is the image (eikon) of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation,” Colossians 1:13-15 NRSVUE
In fact, even the unique Greek word apaugasma found in Wisdom 7:26 is used to depict Jesus as the radiance/splendor of God’s own glory!
“Long ago God spoke to our ancestors in many and various ways by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom he also created the worlds. He is the reflection (apaugasma) of God’s glory and the exact imprint of God’s very being, and he sustains all things by his powerful word. When he had made purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,” Hebrews 1:1-3 NRSVUE
Jesus is also said to be the pure, undefiled, spotless, sinless and holy One, who is completely separate from sinners and transcends the heavens themselves:
“Furthermore, the former priests were many in number because they were prevented by death from continuing in office, but he holds his priesthood permanently because he continues forever. Consequently, he is able for all time to save those who approach God through him, since he always lives to make intercession for them. For it was fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, blameless, undefiled, separated from sinners, and exalted above the heavens.” Hebrews 7:23-26 NRSVUE
It is clear that the inspired NT writers have deliberately presented Jesus in the same way that the OT Scriptures personify God’s very own uncreated Wisdom, which God brought forth out of himself in order to employ it to create the entire creation.
FURTHER READING
JEHOVAH GOD: OUR PLURAL CREATOR AND SUSTAINER
THE NWT TESTIFIES THAT THE TRINITY IS THE ETERNAL CREATOR!
The Early Church’s Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible’s Use of Plural Pronouns for God
CHRIST: THE UNCREATED CREATOR OF ALL CREATION
JESUS THE ETERNAL CREATOR AND SUSTAINER
JESUS AS THE ETERNAL CREATOR IN HEBREWS
thanks for bringing Lxx and Deuterocanonical contents, you made my mind back to my faith of our Lord Iesus Christ. Abraços do Brasil…
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